Adding one point to any stat raises your age by one (vice versa for lowering a stat) and traits have a specific value attached to them (Inbred lowers your age by 66, etc.). You can go up to a maximum age of 50 from your traits and stats.
Lowering a stat or adding a negative trait lowers the age of your character, and raising a stat or adding a positive triat raises the age of your character. The stats and traits you can add are limited by the age of your character.
The designer first lets you customize the appearance of your character, make his/her dynasty's coat of arms, and finally customize the stats, traits, name, and household alignment. Well then the Ruler Designer is for you! The Ruler Designer (a.k.a the most unbalanced piece of DLC this world has ever seen) allows you to make a custom character within the Crusader Kings world for the measly price of five dollars (or your regional equivalent which I am too lazy to look up). So let's say you've experienced all that Crusader Kings 2's vanilla has to offer (you haven't), you've played all of the big and well-made mods out there (you haven't) and decide you've earned yourself some cheating time! Well, let's also say that after having extended the console for all of the enjoyment you can squeeze out of it, you're still not satisfied with what you can do, specifically the lack of cheating you can do to modify your ruler.